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2022 - 2023 Undergraduate Catalog [FINAL EDITION]
Course Descriptions
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Writing enriched courses are designated W
Service learning courses are designated S.L.
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English |
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ENGL 357 - Rise of the British Novel
3 Credit(s)
A study of the rise of the novel in Great Britain from the 18th century to the 20th century, considering the novel’s changing cultural status and its increasing popularity and social relevance. This course explores how gender, economics, and literary trends have all shaped the form, meaning, and role of the novel, as well as exploring how the form mirrors important cultural issues. Authors studied may include Defoe, Richardson, Smollett, Burney, Austen, the Brontes, Gaskell, Dickens, George Eliot, Hardy, and others. Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for nonmajors.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for nonmajors.
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ENGL 359 - Dickens
3 Credit(s)
This course examines the career of British novelist Charles Dickens, with emphasis on selected novels as popular and literary culture. Dickens’ achievement is studied in terms of the elements of fiction; the Victorian literary marketplace and its audience; the conditions of serial authorship; the generic expectations for fiction as art and as entertainment; the literary, political, social, and biographical contexts of Dickens’ books; and the continuing appeal of his novels today.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
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ENGL 360 - British Literature: 1890–1945
3 Credit(s)
This course examines major literary movements and authors from 1890 through World War II. Students consider the impact of Modernism and its transformation through the period. Writers studied include Hardy, Wells, Ford, Joyce, Woolf, Rhys, and Green.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for nonmajors.
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ENGL 361 - British Literature: 1945 - Present
3 Credit(s)
This course examines British literature after World War II. Writers and texts are considered in light of the changing place of England in the world and the economic and social transformation of Britain. Authors studied include Beckett, Amis, Murdoch, Burgess, Winterson, and Ishiguro.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for nonmajors.
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ENGL 362 - 20th Century British Drama
3 Credit(s)
A study of modern British drama in its various modes (realistic, comic, experimental). The course examines concepts of performance and staging and looks at the plays within their social and historical contexts. Playwrights covered include Shaw, Synge, Coward, Osborne, Delaney, Beckett, Pinter, Stoppard, Churchill, and others.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
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ENGL 363 - Literature in English After Empire
3 Credit(s)
Studies in literature written in English from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the Indian subcontinent, Africa, and the Caribbean. Students consider the authors in light of ideas about identity and origin, as well as their historical and political contexts.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for nonmajors.
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ENGL 365 - Rise of the American Novel
3 Credit(s)
An investigation of thematic and formal developments of the American novel from the early 19th century to the present. Writers may include Hawthorne, Melville, James, Twain, Cather, Faulkner, Hurston, Morrison, Erdrich, and DeLillo.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
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ENGL 366 - Early American Literature (W)
3 Credit(s)
This course surveys the burgeoning American literary scene in the 17th and 18th centuries. Students consider within a historical context the moral, social, and aesthetic issues raised in the work of such representative writers as Bradstreet, Taylor, Edwards, Franklin, Jefferson, and Cooper.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
Formerly: (FORMERLY AMERICAN LITERATURE OF THE COLONIAL AND EARLY FEDERAL PERIODS)
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ENGL 367 - American Romanticism
3 Credit(s)
A study of the manifestations of Romanticism in the essays, novels, and poems of such 19th-century American writers as Hawthorne, Poe, Thoreau, Emerson, Douglass, Melville, Whitman, and Dickinson.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
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ENGL 368 - American Realism and Naturalism
3 Credit(s)
A study of prose and poetry by late 19th- and early 20th-century American writers from Rebecca Harding Davis to Theodore Dreiser, including such major figures as Twain, James, Crane, Chesnutt, Wharton, Chopin, Frost, and Robinson. Some attention is given to European influences and parallel developments in the other arts.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
Formerly: (FORMERLY REALISM AND NATURALISM IN AMERICAN LETTERS)
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ENGL 370 - The Immigrant Experience in American Literature (W)
3 Credit(s)
In American society, few topics generate more energy than immigration. Everywhere we turn, politicians, journalists, televised talking heads, and social media commentators have something to say about it. There exists, though, a rich body of imaginative writing that provides an especially complex, personal, and therefore particularly valuable understanding of the immigrant experience. In this course, students explore an engaging selection of that literature, focusing on poetry, drama, and (especially) fiction published in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries, paying particular attention to works published after 9/11.
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ENGL 374 - American Poetry: Post World War II
3 Credit(s)
Students examine significant figures and movements in American poetry written after 1945, including work from the Fugitives, the Beats, the Black Mountain School, African-American writers, the New York School, and others. Writers covered include Robert Creeley, Rita Dove, Denise Levertov, Allen Ginsberg, Frank O’Hara, and Adrienne Rich. The course provides a strong introduction to developments in American poetry over the last 50 years.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
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ENGL 375 - Modern American Literature
3 Credit(s)
A study of the eclectic manifestations, literary and philosophical, in American letters from 1914 to the present. Writers studied range from O’Neill, Hemingway, and Eliot to Plath, Baldwin, and Ginsberg.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
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ENGL 376 - Southern Literature
3 Credit(s)
A study of fiction, poetry, and drama that depicts the South as a complex and distinctive culture. Works from the antebellum period, the Reconstruction, the Renascence, and the postmodern or post- Southern era are considered from both a historical and thematic perspective. Authors include Douglass, Poe, Chopin, Faulkner, Welty, Wright, Williams, O’Connor, Dickey, Walker, and McCarthy.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
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ENGL 380 - Studies in American Literature
3 Credit(s)
An in-depth examination of an author, theme, or genre significant to American literature. Topics vary according to student and faculty interest.
Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for nonmajors.
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ENGL 388 - Special Topics in English
3 Credit(s)
Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
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ENGL 401 - Textual Scholarship
3 Credit(s)
This advanced experiential-learning course investigates how literary texts have come to be and how they have been and ought to be transmitted. The primary goal of the course is for students to learn the principles behind the editions of literary texts that we read by putting them into practice. Students work closely with an instructor on a project that involves editing, producing, and/or remediating literary texts in print or in electronic form and thus gain experience working with literature and its transmission in academic publishing and digital humanities. The course may be repeated for free-elective credit. This course is required for the Textual Scholarship Certificate.
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ENGL 405 - Writing Praxis
3 Credit(s)
A course for English majors to earn credit while gaining practical experience working under the supervision of professionals in relevant fields. Interested students must consult with the instructor to approve the proposed experience and, if approved, to determine the appropriate requirements and schedule of appropriate communication between the student, instructor, and professional supervisor. It may be repeated for additional elective credit.
The course does not satisfy a humanities or upper-level English major requirement.
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ENGL 409 - Senior Seminar (W)
3 Credit(s)
The required capstone course for English majors. Students conduct advanced study of a literary subject selected by the instructor and complete a pertinent scholarly project for written and oral presentation. Offered in the fall semester only.
Prerequisite(s): At least three 300-level literature courses with grades of C or better.
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ENGL 488 - Special Topics in English
3 Credit(s)
Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
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ENGL 499 - Independent Study
3 Credit(s)
Independent English study and research: individual investigation of a problem in literature or a closely related topic may be arranged by a student and professor. May be taken no more than once as part of the English major. A cumulative grade-point average of 3.25 is required.
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Envionmental Health and Sustainability Management |
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EHSM 151 - Principles of Environmental Health and Sustainability I
3 Credit(s)
This course explores the aims, breadth, and exemplary applications of environmental health. It examines the interrelations between people and their environment, promotes human health and well-being, and informs the design and management of a safe, just, and sustainable environment. The first half of the course covers environmental health, epidemiology, toxicology, and environmental health policy. The class explores risk assessment, risk management, and environmental regulation. The second half surveys major environmental health challenges, including biological diseases, inorganic contaminants, pesticides, organic toxins, and radiation. Students take field trips to survey local and regional sites along with the agencies responsible for creating and enforcing environmental policy. This course prepares students for projects, internships, and research opportunities and solidifies the connections between environmental health and sustainability management careers. Three class hours, three credits.
Corequisite(s): EHSM 153
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EHSM 152 - Principles of Environmental Health II
4 Credit(s)
This course will address applications of environmental health in solving management challenges to promote environmental sustainability. Topics include air and water quality, food production, sustainable agriculture, waste management, occupational health and safety, and sustainable urban design. Each topic will be presented at local to global scales and infused with important themes from EHSM 151 such as risk assessment and management, environmental justice and ethics, and environmental health policy, regulation, and management. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours lab.
Prerequisite(s): EHSM 151
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EHSM 153 - Principles of Environmental Health and Sustainability I Laboratory
1 Credit(s)
This laboratory course provides an overview of the assessment instruments and techniques used by professional environmental health managers to obtain critical information about the environment. Topics include the scientific method; ecological stress and disease; and air, water, and soil pollution. Local natural areas, businesses, industries, and Widener facilities are used to sample the environment and help students understand the complex challenges to sustainability in an industrialized society. This laboratory course provides students with the skills that they will use as practitioners and managers of environmental health. It prepares students for internships, research opportunities, and careers related to the discipline. Three laboratory hours, one credit hour.
Corequisite(s): EHSM 151
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EHSM 188 - Special Topics in Environmental Health and Sustainability Management
1-4 Credit(s)
Topics offered in response to student and/or faculty interest.
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EHSM 302 - Sustainable Cities
4 Credit(s)
This course will facilitate students’ understanding and appreciation of the ecology, design, and management of sustainable cities. Students will explore (1) urban biodiversity, natural history, and natural resources management through urban parks and preserves, (2) ecological processes due to which disturbance, invasive species, and other factors affect urban biodiversity in both aquatic and terrestrial urban ecosystems, (3) the structure and function of urban ecosystems, and the modeling of those processes to estimate urban energy, water, and materials demands, ecological footprints, waste impacts, toxicology, and ecosystem services, (4) how the above attributes of urban environments affect public health, including disease epidemics, especially in this time of rapidly changing global climate, and lastly, (5) the socio-ecological challenges to urban design and re-design for sustainability and urban environmental justice, especially focused on our region and our Widener University campus. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours lab.
Prerequisite(s): EHSM 151 and EHSM 152 or permission of instructor
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EHSM 351 - Models in Environmental and Public Health
4 Credit(s)
This course will use a case study approach to improve students’ (1) understanding of models used in environmental health research and management, and (2) quantitative skills in data analysis, visualization, interpretation, and modeling using epidemiological, economic, and spatially structured environmental data. Core examples will include constructing and interpreting mathematical models of infectious disease epidemics using Excel, MatLab, ArcGIS, and R. Students will develop skills in using deterministic and stochastic models, compartmental models, and individual-based models. The course will also explore the biostatistical analysis of public health data with examples using more advanced statistical methods such as logistic regression, survival analysis, and models of environmental risk. 3 hours lecture, 3 hours computer laboratory.
Prerequisite(s): EHSM 151 , EHSM 152 and ENVR 299 or permission of instructor
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EHSM 408 - Senior Thesis Proposal
2 Credit(s)
This course involves generating a research proposal with an extensive literature review in an area of environmental health and sustainability.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 299
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EHSM 409 - Senior Thesis in Environmental Health and Sustainability Management
2 Credit(s)
The Senior Thesis in Environmental Science provides an opportunity for students to participate in independent, investigative research under the direction of select faculty mentors.
Prerequisite(s): EHSM 408
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EHSM 410 - Senior Thesis in Environmental Health and Sustainability Management
2 Credit(s)
The Senior Thesis in Environmental Science provides an opportunity for students to participate in independent, investigative research under the direction of select faculty mentors.
Prerequisite(s): EHSM 408
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EHSM 498 - Undergraduate Research Experience
3 Credit(s)
The undergraduate research experience is intended to provide an opportunity for students to participate in an independent, investigative research project as part of the requirements for the Bachelor of Arts degree in Environmental Health and Sustainability Management. Students conduct research in close collaboration with a faculty mentor. Collaborative projects with the School of Business Administration, Small Business Development Center and outside agencies will be strongly promoted. A written report and a public presentation are required.
Prerequisite(s): EHSM 152 , ENVR 299 , BLAW 250 and MGT 210 or permission of instructor. A minimum GPA of 2.5 is also required.
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Environmental Science |
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ENVR 100 - Introduction to Environmental Science
3 Credit(s)
This course is designed for nonmajors in science who are interested in the environment and environmental issues. Topics include an overview of humans and nature (environmental problems and their causes), principles and concepts (matter and energy, ecosystems, risk, toxicology, human health), resources and wastes, biodiversity, and living sustainably.
3 lecture hours weekly.
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ENVR 104 - Earth Processes As Natural Disasters
3 Credit(s)
This course is a survey of Earth’s surface processes that have a direct impact, often violently and without warning, on our global society. Information presented in this course integrates the principles of geology, meteorology, climatology, oceanography, and ecology and explores the many ways humans leave themselves susceptible to hazards driven by Earth’s dynamic geologic and atmospheric processes. A series of case studies will be presented to students that outline each topic area covered. These include the broad topic areas of earthquakes, volcanoes, flooding, mass wasting, coastal hazards, subsidence, severe weather, mass extinction, wildfires, and global climate change. Designed for a general audience, this course is opened to all students who have a natural curiosity about events that often control our global existence.
Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.
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ENVR 106 - Geography
3 Credit(s)
As the human population continues to grow, the past and present interactions of humans and their environment become more important. This course introduces students to concepts in physical geography, world geography, and human geography. It concentrates on the science of geography at the local, regional, and global scale, emphasizing the relationship of geography to aspects of human place and environmental hazards. The course also uses geographic information system technology to both analyze and visualize the spatial relationship of humans with the environment.
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ENVR 161 - Introduction to Geographic Information Systems
3 Credit(s)
In this course, students use geographic analysis techniques and resources to spatially analyze local, regional, and global issues. Students use several types of computerized geographic information systems and internet-based applications that import and interpret data, then produce maps to assist professionals in making decisions. Each week, a spatial analysis technique is presented, and students then work on a problem that is common to society or specific to their academic discipline. Examples of student learning include cartography and map design, location analytics, business intelligence workflows, mapping hot spots for crime data and crime indexing, optimizing resources, mapping urban structure and the effects of policy decisions, and mapping consumer spending patterns and market potential. The course is open to all majors except environmental science and sustainability. In addition, science majors are encouraged to take ENVR 261 .
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ENVR 171 - Principles of Environmental Science
3 Credit(s)
This course provides an intensive examination of the fundamental principles that govern and shape our environment. While designed primarily as an introduction to the field of environmental science for science majors, this course is intended for all students who want to learn about environmental issues and problems. Topics include ecosystems, human populations, geologic processes, atmospheric and hydrologic systems, pollution, energy resources, urbanization, and environmental history and ethics. ENVR majors must also register for ENVR 173 . This course is not open to students who have taken ENVR 100 .
3 hours lecture.
(SAME AS ESSC 171 )
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ENVR 172 - Principles of Sustainability Science
3 Credit(s)
This course addresses the cultivation, integration, and application of knowledge about our planetary environment from a dimension that considers the dynamics of human-centered environmental activity and systems. This approach is taken to facilitate the evaluation and implementation of essential interventions that not only promote sustainability but also help arrest conditions that we as a global society must resolve over the next several decades. Specific topic areas include scientific and systems thinking, global climate change, human population growth, sustainable agriculture, ecological footprint analysis, environmental ethics, biological diversity and conservation, solid waste recycling, natural capital and services provided by ecosystems, ecological economics and globalization, alternative energy, green transportation and building design, sustainable architecture, environmental health, and community-based environmental literacy. In addition to the above, this course requires that students engage in real-world problem solving activities and student presentations.
Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.
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ENVR 173 - Investigating Environmental Science
1 Credit(s)
This is a laboratory course designed to complement ENVR 171 . Lab inquiry activities include topics in experimental ecology in model ecosystems, ecosystem modeling, and environmental assessment/ environmental quality. There are weekly assignments and/or projects for each topic and a final exam. The class meets three hours weekly.
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ENVR 180 - Sustainable Development: Service Learning in Tropical America
3 Credit(s)
This course introduces students to the concept of sustainable resource development by allowing them to work closely with community members in tropical America that traditionally harness biological resources as a source of income. Students explore how people form a different culture using biological resources to create an income stream that is both continuous and sustainable. Students provide service to the community by helping members develop and refine biological resources for the purpose of augmenting their income. Additionally, students help to direct efforts toward developing sound conservation initiatives. Specific goals focus on maintaining the integrity of the environment along with restoring and repairing areas traditionally degraded by poor land use practices. This experience will help build community spirit and cultural bridges between people from diverse backgrounds. Evening sessions prior to and after the field experience are a part of this course.
3 hours lecture.
This course fulfills a science distribution course for non-majors. This course is open to all students.
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ENVR 188 - Special Topics in Environmental Science
3 Credit(s)
Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
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ENVR 201 - Environmental Geology
4 Credit(s)
This course details treatment of the structure of the Earth’s crust, its igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, their kinds, origin, and importance. This course covers such topics as erosion processes, mountain building, development of continents and land forms, vulcanism, earthquakes, glaciation—a survey of the geological past. Lab includes studies of rocks, minerals, fossils, geologic and topographical maps, aerial photographs, and local field work.
three hours laboratory. Three hours lecture,
(SAME AS ESSC 201 )
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ENVR 204 - The Earth System (Honors)
3 Credit(s)
This course investigates the interplay between the various components that comprise the Earth system: the solid Earth, the atmosphere, the oceans, and living organisms. Discussions involve timely environmental problems such as global warming, ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity, and how these problems have analogues from Earth history. Open to students in the Honors Program and to science majors with permission of the instructor.
3 hours lecture.
Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.
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ENVR 207 - Oceanography
3 Credit(s)
The world ocean covers 70 percent of the planet’s surface making it the most important physical feature on the planet. This course concentrates on the environmental issues that adversely affect the health of the ocean and the biological organisms that live there. These issues are usually a function of human interference and examples are ocean pollution, coral reef destruction, commercial fishing, planetary- scale destructive weather patterns, rising sea levels, loss of marine biodiversity, tsunamis, coastal erosion and dynamic shorelines, and economic resources in the marine environment. The unique biology from selected ecosystems of the ocean are also studied to emphasize the magnitude of marine biodiversity.
3 hours lecture.
Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.
(SAME AS ESSC 207 )
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ENVR 209 - Meteorology
4 Credit(s)
This introductory course teaches an understanding of the Earth’s atmosphere, including the forces producing weather and climate, the dynamics of air movements, pressure changes, mass density, volume relationships as applied to the changing atmosphere, and the production of hurricanes, tornadoes, and thunderstorms. Also studied are atmospheric structure, the effects produced by solar radiation on the Earth’s magnetic field—auroras, Van Allen belts, and similar phenomena. Meteorological instrumentation is studied in laboratory experiments designed to integrate theory with practice, together with the production of weather maps by students from empirical data recorded in the laboratory. This course is designed primarily for students majoring in science or engineering.
2 hours laboratory. 3 hours lecture.
(SAME AS PHYS 209 AND ESSC 209 )
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ENVR 213 - Ocean Science
3 Credit(s)
As the human population continues to grow, the effects of humans on the world’s oceans becomes more important. This course concentrates on the study of the physical and chemical aspects of the world’s oceans. It explores the physical nature of the coastal and deep oceans and the oceans’ interactions with the atmosphere. It also includes a study of the chemical and physical characteristics of seawater, global ocean circulation, and marine ecology and biology. The importance of the ocean to humans for transportation, food, natural resources, and recreation is emphasized along with human influences on the ocean, such as marine pollution. The course uses geographic information system technology to help students analyze and visualize specific spatial relationships of the physical aspects of the oceans.
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ENVR 220 - Marine Geology
4 Credit(s)
A study of the sediments, rocks, structure, geophysics, microfossils, stratigraphy, and history of the ocean basins and their margins. Lab includes field work. 6 hours weekly.
3 hours laboratory/ field. 3 hours lecture.
(SAME AS ESSC 220 )
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ENVR 250 - Environmental Challenges and Current Solutions (Honors)
3 Credit(s)
This honors course is intended for students who are concerned about the problems facing our planet’s environment today. It provides a background for the most serious environmental challenges facing Earth’s inhabitants, both human and non-human, what possible solutions are currently available, and what preventative measures can be taken to mitigate or prevent future disasters. Sessions are run in part lecture, part seminar format, and use current information available in print, in video format, and on the World Wide Web. Topics include the causes and effects of environmental crises in recorded history, and topics of global and regional concern such as deforestation and biodiversity loss, air and water pollution, acid precipitation, global warming, destruction of stratospheric ozone, and solar energy and alternative fuels. This course is open only to students in the Honors Program, and does not fulfill the ENVR technical elective requirement or the CHEM science elective.
3 hours lecture.
Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.
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ENVR 261 - Geographic Information Systems
4 Credit(s)
This course provides a skill that is cross-disciplinary and applicable to the interpretation of any data that has a spatial relationship. Of particular interest are environmental data sets that are collected within a geographic context. The lecture portion of the class introduces the basic principles of using and interpreting data within a computerized Geographic Information System (GIS). Topics of spatial data analysis are introduced as a way to showcase the extended data analysis capabilities of a GIS. This course provides students with a broad framework upon which to access and assess geographic information for the purpose of better understanding spatial relationships. The lab component of the course integrates lecture material into a GIS assessment. An important component of the lab is the collection of digital data using global positioning system (GPS) equipment and uploading the data to the GIS system. Students are required to develop and demonstrate a working knowledge of the GPS/GIS techniques through an independent research project that they will present orally to the class. Lab students are required to submit a final written project report. Open to all students across disciplines.
3 hours laboratory. 3 hours lecture.
Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.
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ENVR 288 - Special Topics in Environmental Science
3 Credit(s)
Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
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ENVR 299 - Research Methods and Analysis
4 Credit(s)
This course is designed to provide students with sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge to plan, conduct, evaluate, and present faculty directed original research. Topics include the historical and philosophical development of scientific research, introduction to the scientific method, writing a research proposal, selection of research arena, qualitative and quantitative observations, sampling techniques, collecting, recording, summarizing, statistically analyzing, and graphically presenting data, bibliographic searching techniques, oral presentation of research, and writing a research paper.
3 hours laboratory. 3 hours lecture.
Prerequisite(s): Sophomore standing in a science major and MATH 131 /MATH 141 or permission of the instructor.
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ENVR 300 - Geology for Engineers
3 Credit(s)
Principles of physical geology designed to illustrate the interactions between geology and engineering. Topics to include minerals, rocks, forces and processes acting on Earth, crustal structure, problems associated with shorelines, groundwater, earthquakes, land subsidence.
Prerequisite(s): Junior standing.
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ENVR 301 - Introductory Ecology
4 Credit(s)
This course teaches ecological and environmental literacy. Participants will understand (1) the physical, biological, and evolutionary processes that determine ecosystem structure and function, and (2) the process of ecological inquiry which is the scientific method, through which natural phenomena are observed, interpreted, and reported. This course also teaches how to read global environmental signposts (climate changes, ozone depletion, and biodiversity loss), recognize our role in causing these trends, and evaluate the courses of action, in terms of our consumer and disposer decisions, we all must take to sustain ourselves. Three hours of lecture, six hours of lab, and field work.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 161 , BIOL 162
(SAME AS BIOL 301 )
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ENVR 304 - Environmental Pollution
4 Credit(s)
A critical examination of the integral processes that affect Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere with regard to man’s activities. Topics addressed include chemistry of the atmosphere, soil, and water chemistry, waste disposal and treatment, regulatory strategies for air, water, and soil pollution abatement, principles of wastewater treatment, solid and hazardous waste management, thermal pollution, and mining and reclamation.
three hours laboratory weekly. Three hours lecture,
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 255 .
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ENVR 306 - Human Geography
3 Credit(s)
This course concentrates on the complex human geography of the contemporary world, providing a global perspective of human interactions with earth’s resources, international and national concerns that emphasize location, and the growth and internal structure of urban regions. Landscape analysis is used to show human social organization and the environmental consequences. This involves the systematic study of patterns and processes that have enabled humans to migrate, live, and alter landscapes. Concepts in sustainability are introduced to provide an important perspective on conservation. The course uses geographic information system technology to help students visualize spatial relationships of humans to the environment.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 106 or ENVR 261
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ENVR 309 - Earth’s Changing Atmosphere and Climate
3 Credit(s)
This course provides an in-depth investigation into the major causes of atmospheric and climatic change and their effects on Earth’s biosphere. Special emphasis is placed on natural geological factors such as volcanic eruptions and also on astronomical factors such as intrinsic changes in the luminosity of the Sun, variations in the eccentricity of Earth’s orbit and the inclination of its axis, and impacts of large bodies from space. Topics covered will include atmospheric radiation budget and circulation, ice core records, climate history of ancient Earth, sunspot cycles, Milankovitch theory, climate change and major extinction events, and short-term and long-term global climate changes. Sessions are run in part lecture, part seminar format, and will require some use of information available on the World Wide Web. Students also solve problems involving the concepts presented in the lecture topics. Open only to science majors and minors with junior standing or above.
Three hours lecture.
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ENVR 312 - Atmospheric Physics
3 Credit(s)
This course provides a mathematically rigorous investigation into the science of meteorology. Graphical analyses and calculus-based numerical problems are used throughout. Topics include radiation principles, heat, boundary layers, moisture, stability, cloud formation, precipitation, atmospheric dynamics, global circulation, air masses, fronts, cyclones, numerical weather prediction, thunderstorms, air pollution, and climate change.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 209 is a prerequisite for environmental science majors, and is recommended to be taken concurrently for physics majors.Corequisite(s): PHYS 162 or PHYS 232.
(SAME AS PHYS 312 )
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ENVR 317 - Angiosperm Taxonomy
4 Credit(s)
An introductory study of the classification, nomenclature, and identification of 30–40 common families of flowering plants, with particular emphasis on the local native flora and nearby areas. Field trips and a plant collection are required.
3 hours laboratory/ field trips. 3 hours lecture.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 261 .
(SAME AS BIOL 317 )
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ENVR 332 - Environmental Chemistry
3 Credit(s)
This course deals with the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in the air, soil, and water environments; and the effect of human activity on these. Emphasis is placed on thermodynamics and kinetics of reaction cycles, and on quantitation of chemical species.
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 255 , CHEM 257 .
(SAME AS CHEM 332 )
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ENVR 340 - Tropical Ecology
3 Credit(s)
This course examines the nature, evolution, structural and functional components, and relationships that exist within tropical forests worldwide. A broad range of topics covering the physical, biological, and chemical aspects of tropical environments are explored. Specific topics include forest succession and architecture, tropical microclimate, vertical organization of canopy biota, evolution of tropical plants, tropical parasites, decomposition and nutrient cycling, plant/animal coevolutionary interactions, survival strategies, and the evolutionary history of tropical forests. This course is open to upper division biology and environmental science majors.
3 hours lecture.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 161 , BIOL 162 .
(SAME AS BIOL 340 )
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ENVR 342 - Tropical Ecology Laboratory
2 Credit(s)
This laboratory course is the field component of BIOL 340 /ENVR 340 . Students design and carry out a research project that is completed during a one-week fieldtrip experience in a tropical forest environment. Students develop a research question and conduct an extensive literature search on a topic pertaining to tropical ecology prior to traveling to the research site. Students work closely with the instructor( s) to ensure that they are able to complete a project during the week-long field experience. After the project has been completed, students are responsible for analyzing and writing their results as if they intend to submit their research to a journal for publication. Students present their findings to the Widener community or at a regional or national meeting. This course is open to upper-division biology and environmental science students. Upper-division students from other majors within the sciences may be allowed to enroll with the permission of the instructor.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 161 , BIOL 162 .Corequisite(s): BIOL 340 /ENVR 340 . A total of 35 hours prior to the field experience and 45 hours in the field.
(SAME AS BIOL 342 )
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ENVR 361 - Advanced Geographic Information Systems
3 Credit(s)
This course introduces students to the advanced features of spatial data analysis and how to analyze these features within the context of a geographic information system (GIS). In this course, students explore and interpret datasets that possess a spatial relationship and that align to topics germane to the environmental, ecological, physical, and social sciences. Topics include the basic principles of spatial data analysis and visualization, distinct types of spatial data, spatial statistics, linear spatial data, interpretation of three-dimensional surfaces, and the professional presentation of maps.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 261 .
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ENVR 363 - Remote Sensing and Digital Mapping
1 Credit(s)
This laboratory course introduces students to remote sensing techniques and the field collection of digital data for importation into a geographic information system (GIS). In this course, students collect and analyze geographic datasets in the environmental, ecological, physical, and social sciences. Topics include the basic principles of remote sensing and global positioning systems (GPS), the analysis of remote sensing and GPS data, types and accuracy of GPS data, and the field collection of GPS data using high-accuracy handheld GPS units. The application of these techniques for research and industrial projects is emphasized.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 261
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ENVR 365 - Hydrology
3 Credit(s)
As the human population continues to grow the worlds fresh water resources become more important to develop and protect. Fresh water is all connected through the hydrologic cycle, and this course covers the physical aspects and mathematical analysis of each part of the hydrologic cycle. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the hydrologic cycle to support scientific and engineering development of the resource. Select computer models and geographic information system technology are introduced that analyzes rainfall-runoff relationships, large-scale watershed characteristics, surface water flow, and ground water flow. The integration of hydrology and computerized modeling are also studied to support research projects in the hydrologic sciences.
3 hours lecture.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 261 .
Formerly: (FORMERLY ENVR 388 )
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ENVR 388 - Special Topics in Environmental Science
3 Credit(s)
Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
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ENVR 401 - Physiological Ecology of Extreme Environments: Life at the Edge
4 Credit(s)
This course focuses on the evolutionary adaptation of physiology to the problems posed by the biophysical extremes of this world including warm deserts, arctic and alpine environments, freshwater and saline wetlands, deep sea environments, and human-disturbed environments. Although topics represent the extremes of this world, an important message is that all environments are variable and the rules at the extremes apply everywhere—life is always at the edge. The course includes a project-oriented lab that uses methods available to teach the processes of physiological inquiry described in this course.
six hours lab. Two hours lecture and
Prerequisite(s): Introductory Biology (BIOL 161 , BIOL 162 ), and either Ecology (BIOL 301 /ENVR 301 ) or instructor’s permission.
(SAME AS BIOL 401 )
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ENVR 403 - Advanced Environmental Geology
3 Credit(s)
This course introduces students to advanced topics in geology that apply to the characterization of the geologic environment at a site-specific scale. The course is divided into two subject areas. The first half of the course introduces the basic principles of structural geology and their applications to engineering and environmental site characterizations. It includes the study of folded and faulted structures, the orthogonal and stereographic solutions to characterize near-surface geologic structure, and the construction and interpretation of geologic maps, geologic cross sections, and block diagrams. The second half of the course concentrates on the occurrence and distribution of earth’s surficial materials and their engineering and environmental properties. The geochemistry of soil formations that influence the engineering and environmental index properties is emphasized as a function of the soils origin. The geohazards of surficial processes are also studied in the context of geologic history and the planning and use of the geologic environment.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 201 or ENVR 300 .
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ENVR 405 - Geological Field Methods
1 Credit(s)
This is a laboratory course that introduces students to interpretation methods used by geologists to identify existing field conditions for rock and soil formations. The course is intended for all students who require a working knowledge of the geologic conditions encountered in the characterization of the natural environment. Topics include the field measurement and interpretation of exposed rock and soil formations, field investigation techniques for rock and soil formations, quantitative interpretation of engineering and environmental index properties of soil and rock formations from field data, computerized mapping techniques for the visualization of field data, and the presentation of field data for professional reports.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 201 or ENVR 300 .Corequisite(s): ENVR 403 .
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ENVR 408 - Senior Thesis Proposal in Environmental Science
1 Credit(s)
This course involves generating a research proposal with an extensive literature review in the area of environmental science.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 299
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ENVR 409 - Senior Thesis in Environmental Science I
2 Credit(s)
The Senior Thesis in Environmental Science provides an opportunity for students to participate in independent, investigative research under the direction of select faculty mentors.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 408
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ENVR 410 - Senior Thesis in Environmental Science II
2 Credit(s)
The Senior Thesis in Environmental Science provides an opportunity for students to participate in independent, investigative research under the direction of select faculty mentors.
Prerequisite(s): ENVR 408
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ENVR 419 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology
4 Credit(s)
A lecture and laboratory course in microbial ecology and applied microbiology. The role of microorganisms in the environment is studied with emphasis on their roles in the biogeochemical cycles of the elements essential for life. Applied topics such as the microbiology of foods, fermentations, antibiotics, and other industrial processes are discussed. The application of microbial systems to molecular genetics research is also discussed including laboratory exercises in recombinant DNA techniques. Six hours weekly.
4 hours laboratory. 2 hours lecture.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 319 or equivalent.
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ENVR 490 - Environmental Science Internship
3-12 Credit(s)
This subject-related work experience or other activity is offered only upon special application from the student and a supervising faculty member. Approval must be obtained in advance from the environmental science faculty and requires a specific outline of work to be done; the nature and extent of its academic relevance; the academic and special preparation of the student for the purposed activity. Written approval must be obtained from the employer/sponsor, and arrangements must be made for regular contact between the student and the supervising faculty member. The student is responsible for making all arrangements. A final report must be submitted upon completion of the activity, and a pass/fail grade will be assigned. The number of semester hours earned will depend on the extent of the approved activity (12 semester hours corresponds to full-time work for a semester).
Prerequisite(s): Junior or senior standing, a GPA of at least 2.5 both in the major and cumulative in all courses, and approval of both the academic advisor of the student and the head of the Science Division.
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ENVR 499 - Independent Study
1-4 Credit(s)
Individual investigation of a problem in environmental (earth and space) science. Lab work, computations, readings and orals as appropriate. Scope, topic, and prerequisites are arranged individually.
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Finance All 300- and 400-level finance courses require at least junior standing.
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FIN 301 - Professional Fund Management
3 Credit(s)
This course provides an in-depth analysis of the complexities and investment opportunities in mutual funds by emphasizing the uniqueness of the U.S. fund industry. Topics include the structure and working of a typical fund complex; the role of various entities such as fund management, portfolio manager, custodian in operating a fund; fees and expenses associated with investing in funds; services available to shareholders, etc. Understanding of investment theory is stressed and is tied in with application of techniques to select mutual funds based on a client’s investment objective and risk tolerance. Data and information from Bloomberg is extensively used for making mutual fund investment decisions.
Corequisite(s): FIN 303 .
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FIN 303 - Financial Management
3 Credit(s)
A fundamental introduction to the theory and practice of financial management in the business firm is offered, including financial planning and control, valuation and financial structure, cash flows, economic and financial optimization, cost of capital, capital budgeting decisions, short- and long-term financing, and valuation processes in mergers liquidation and reorganization.
Prerequisite(s): ACCT 205 , MATH 119 and MIS 180
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FIN 305 - Investments
3 Credit(s)
This course explores the theory and practice of investments, covering topics such as risk and return, capital market structure, security analysis, bond valuation, and portfolio management. Special emphasis is placed on how economic forces influence the pricing of financial assets. Understanding of investment theory is stressed and is tied in with application of techniques such as asset valuation and portfolio theory. Students apply a “top-down” valuation method to determine if a security is over-valued or under-valued and make subsequent trading decision using StockTrak. Data and information from Bloomberg is extensively used for making investment decisions. This course fulfills one of the requirements for the Certified Financial Planner (CFP®) examination. Also cross listed with EC 335 . Students may not receive credit for both courses.
Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .
(SAME AS EC 335 )
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FIN 307 - Capital Budgeting
3 Credit(s)
The objective of this course is to conduct an in-depth study of the capital budgeting process, including evaluation of projects under various risk conditions, buy/lease decision making, and capital budgeting for the multinational firm. Emphasis will be placed on bringing together the theory, quantitative methods, and application of capital budgeting techniques.
Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .
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FIN 313 - Entrepreneurial Finance
3 Credit(s)
Entrepreneurial activities are the engines that drive most economies. Almost every big business we see today came into existence by virtue of an entrepreneurial action. Yet conventional finance courses do very little to cover the unique financing needs of entrepreneurial firms. This course familiarizes students with financial management of small and medium organizations. The course analyzes specific issues that confront small businesses through their life cycle of development. Issues addressed include valuation, financial planning, performance measurement, obtaining and organizing finance, cost of financial capital, and exit strategies.
Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .
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FIN 320 - Risk Management and Insurance
3 Credit(s)
A study of the concept of risk and its treatment by insurance. The principal types of insurance are studied and concepts of risk management are introduced for business and personal uses.
Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .
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FIN 325 - Finance Study Abroad Europe
3 Credit(s)
This is a special topics elective that includes an experiential learning objective with a study abroad component. Students study similarities and differences in the cultural and business practices of Europe and the United States. This includes identifying, explaining, and analyzing differences and similarities among international cultures and business and management practices. This course addresses international marketing, management, financing, production, sourcing, communication, and ethics.
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FIN 401 - Money and Financial Institutions
3 Credit(s)
Students analyze the effects of credit and money flows on aggregate economic activity: for example, roles of financial intermediaries and central banking; sources and uses of funds (flow of funds analysis) and accounts; term structure of interest rates; portfolio choice and macroeconomic behavior; alternative money theories; and the role of money in the inflationary process. This course is offered only in the spring semester. This course is cross listed as EC 401 and students cannot take both FIN 401 and EC 401 .
Prerequisite(s): EC 101 and EC 202 or equivalents.
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FIN 406 - Portfolio Theory and Management
3 Credit(s)
This course is an in-depth study of the theory and practice of modern portfolio management. Students gain hands-on experience through construction and monitoring of an equity portfolio that is consistent with a client’s investment objective and risk tolerance. Students develop an Investment Policy Statement for an individual investor, perform stock screening using both qualitative and quantitatively screening criteria and apply optimization technique to create an optimal investment portfolio that satisfies the investment requirements. Students will learn various strategies to test the portfolio constructed, issues that impact portfolio performance in achieving investment objectives, and finally evaluate its performance. All stock transactions are conducted using StockTrak. Data and information from Bloomberg is extensively used in constructing the optimal portfolio.
Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .
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FIN 423 - International Financial Management
3 Credit(s)
This course explores the topics related to international financial management and international trade. Companies operating globally are different from their domestic counterparts due to their exposure to foreign exchange risk and political risks. This course addresses the distinct risk exposures faced by multinational companies and the financial tools that are available to them to address issues such as capital budgeting, capital structure, investment decisions and valuation.
Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .
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FIN 450 - Financial Practices and Regulations
3 Credit(s)
The primary objective of this course is to give students to a broad knowledge of the organization, management, and regulation of financial markets, financial products, and financial service providers. This broad exposure is intended to enable participants to familiarize themselves with the ethical responsibilities, regulatory environment, and best practices of the investments and financial services industry. A large number of topical areas of series 63, 65, and 66 FINRA licensure exams are covered in the course. Please note however, this course should not be considered as a preparatory course for FINRA licensure examinations.
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FIN 453 - Seminar in Financial Planning
3 Credit(s)
This is an integrative course that looks at the entire spectrum of the financial services market. Organizational structure in the industry is explored, including the dynamic regulatory environment facing financial services professionals. The focus of the course is on the market variables that are driving strategic change in the financial services industry and how successful players in the field integrate information to develop, implement, and monitor strategic financial plans.
Prerequisite(s): ACCT 405 , ACCT 408 , FIN 305 .Corequisite(s): ACCT 409 and FIN 320 , but it is recommended to complete these prior to taking FIN 453.
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FIN 497 - Internship in Finance
3 Credit(s)
This is a required internship course for students majoring in finance. The purpose of this internship is to provide students with career-relevant on-the-job experiences where finance knowledge obtained from classroom theory is integrated with actual practical work experiences. Each student is required to work for a minimum of 150 hours per semester in a finance/financial services-related position. Internship positions can be paid or unpaid, but most positions are paid. Grading is based on the following elements: supervisor’s evaluation, internship activity logs, internship project, and final presentation. Students must receive internship approval for academic credit prior to starting an internship.
Prerequisite(s): FIN 303
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FIN 498 - Finance Internship
3 Credit(s)
This is a course developed for the Finance Option to provide opportunities to obtain practical experience by applying their knowledge gained through the classwork in an actual business environment. Students work on projects developed with industry partners and prepare reports on these experiences with their academic and industry supervisors. Note: This course can only be taken pass/no pass as a free elective.
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FREN 101 - Elementary French I
3 Credit(s)
These courses introduce students to basic French grammar and vocabulary through a variety of speaking, listening, reading, writing, and cultural activities. Recommended for students with little or no previous French instruction.
Prerequisite(s): FREN 101, or permission of instructor, is a prerequisite for FREN 102 .
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FREN 102 - Elementary French II
3 Credit(s)
This course is for students who have completed FREN 101 or its equivalent: 1–2 years of high school French. Students in this course further develop their knowledge of French grammar and vocabulary through a variety of speaking, listening, reading, writing, and cultural activities.
Prerequisite(s): FREN 101 or permission of instructor
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FREN 103 - Elementary French Lab I
1 Credit(s)
These practice sessions emphasize the development of oral-aural competence. Through role-playing in a wide spectrum of real-life situations, students master proficiencies that enable them to react and respond naturally in current and accurate idiomatic French. These sessions integrate and expand upon materials concurrently studied in the elementary language courses.
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FREN 104 - Elementary French Lab II
1 Credit(s)
These practice sessions emphasize the development of oral-aural competence. Through role-playing in a wide spectrum of real-life situations, students master proficiencies that enable them to react and respond naturally in current and accurate idiomatic French. These sessions integrate and expand upon materials concurrently studied in the elementary language courses.
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FREN 188 - Special Topics in French
3 Credit(s)
Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
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FREN 201 - Intermediate French I
3 Credit(s)
This intermediate course study of the French language with equal emphasis on speaking, listening, reading, and writing offers instruction in the more complex structures of the language. In addition, the course expands students’ knowledge of the culture of France and the French-speaking world.
Prerequisite(s): FREN 102 or permission of instructor.
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FREN 202 - Intermediate French II
3 Credit(s)
This intermediate course study of the French language with equal emphasis on speaking, listening, reading, and writing offers instruction in the more complex structures of the language. In addition, the course expands students’ knowledge of the culture of France and the French-speaking world.
Prerequisite(s): FREN 102 or permission of instructor.
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FREN 288 - Special Topics in French
3 Credit(s)
Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
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FREN 301 - French Conversation and Composition I
3 Credit(s)
Intensive practice in oral and written expression. Topics for discussion and written assignments will be drawn from contemporary French and Francophone culture.
Prerequisite(s): FREN 202 or consent of the instructor.
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FREN 302 - French Conversation and Composition II
3 Credit(s)
Intensive practice in oral and written expression. Topics for discussion and written assignments will be drawn from contemporary French and Francophone culture.
Prerequisite(s): FREN 202 or consent of the instructor.
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FREN 303 - Introduction to Francophone Civilization and Culture
3 Credit(s)
In this course, students explore the diversity of the Francophone world as well as investigate the various Francophone immigrant communities found throughout the United States. Students also study the country of origin of each of these immigrant communities. Students conduct a research project culminating in a written paper in French and an oral presentation on topics related to Francophone culture. Course conducted in French.
Prerequisite(s): FREN 202 or by permission of instructor.
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