May 18, 2024  
2019-2020 Undergraduate Catalog 
    
2019-2020 Undergraduate Catalog [FINAL EDITION]

Course Descriptions


Writing enriched courses are designated W

Service learning courses are designated S.L.

 

English

  
  • ENGL 374 - American Poetry: Post World War II


    3 Credit(s)

    Students examine significant figures and movements in American poetry written after 1945, including work from the Fugitives, the Beats, the Black Mountain School, African-American writers, the New York School, and others. Writers covered include Robert Creeley, Rita Dove, Denise Levertov, Allen Ginsberg, Frank O’Hara, and Adrienne Rich. The course provides a strong introduction to developments in American poetry over the last 50 years.
    Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
  
  • ENGL 375 - Modern American Literature


    3 Credit(s)

    A study of the eclectic manifestations, literary and philosophical, in American letters from 1914 to the present. Writers studied range from O’Neill, Hemingway, and Eliot to Plath, Baldwin, and Ginsberg.
    Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
  
  • ENGL 376 - Southern Literature


    3 Credit(s)

    A study of fiction, poetry, and drama that depicts the South as a complex and distinctive culture. Works from the antebellum period, the Reconstruction, the Renascence, and the postmodern or post- Southern era are considered from both a historical and thematic perspective. Authors include Douglass, Poe, Chopin, Faulkner, Welty, Wright, Williams, O’Connor, Dickey, Walker, and McCarthy.
    Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
  
  • ENGL 380 - Studies in American Literature


    3 Credit(s)

    An in-depth examination of an author, theme, or genre significant to American literature. Topics vary according to student and faculty interest.
    Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for nonmajors.
  
  • ENGL 388 - Special Topics in English


    3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
  
  • ENGL 401 - Textual Scholarship


    3 Credit(s)

    This advanced experiential-learning course investigates how literary texts have come to be, how they have been, and how they ought to be transmitted. The primary goal of the course is for students to learn the principles behind the editions of literary texts that we read by putting them into practice. Students work closely with an instructor who is involved professionally in the editing, production, and/or representation of literary texts in print or in electronic form and thus gain experience working with literature and its transmission in academic publishing and digital humanities. The course is open only to English majors and may be repeated for free-elective credit. Students who complete 12 semester hours of ENGL 401 will receive a certificate in textual scholarship.
    Satisfies a humanities general education requirement for non-majors.
    Prerequisite(s): Two 300-level literature courses with grades of C or better.

  
  • ENGL 405 - Writing Praxis


    3 Credit(s)

    A course for English majors to earn credit while gaining practical experience working under the supervision of professionals in relevant fields. Interested students must consult with the instructor to approve the proposed experience and, if approved, to determine the appropriate requirements and schedule of appropriate communication between the student, instructor, and professional supervisor. It may be repeated for additional elective credit.
    The course does not satisfy a humanities or upper-level English major requirement.
  
  • ENGL 409 - Senior Seminar


    3 Credit(s)

    The required capstone course for English majors. Students conduct advanced study of a literary subject selected by the instructor and complete a pertinent scholarly project for written and oral presentation. Offered in the fall semester only.
    Prerequisite(s): At least three 300-level literature courses with grades of C or better.

  
  • ENGL 488 - Special Topics in English


    3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
  
  • ENGL 499 - Independent Study


    3 Credit(s)

    Independent English study and research: individual investigation of a problem in literature or a closely related topic may be arranged by a student and professor. May be taken no more than once as part of the English major. A cumulative grade-point average of 3.25 is required.

Environmental Science

  
  • ENVR 100 - Introduction to Environmental Science


    3 Credit(s)

    This course is designed for nonmajors in science who are interested in the environment and environmental issues. Topics include an overview of humans and nature (environmental problems and their causes), principles and concepts (matter and energy, ecosystems, risk, toxicology, human health), resources and wastes, biodiversity, and living sustainably.
    3 lecture hours weekly.
    Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.

  
  • ENVR 104 - Earth Processes As Natural Disasters


    3 Credit(s)

    This course is a survey of Earth’s surface processes that have a direct impact, often violently and without warning, on our global society. Information presented in this course integrates the principles of geology, meteorology, climatology, oceanography, and ecology and explores the many ways humans leave themselves susceptible to hazards driven by Earth’s dynamic geologic and atmospheric processes. A series of case studies will be presented to students that outline each topic area covered. These include the broad topic areas of earthquakes, volcanoes, flooding, mass wasting, coastal hazards, subsidence, severe weather, mass extinction, wildfires, and global climate change. Designed for a general audience, this course is opened to all students who have a natural curiosity about events that often control our global existence.
    Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.

  
  • ENVR 171 - Principles of Environmental Science


    3 Credit(s)

    This course provides an intensive examination of the fundamental principles that govern and shape our environment. While designed primarily as an introduction to the field of environmental science for science majors, this course is intended for all students who want to learn about environmental issues and problems. Topics include ecosystems, human populations, geologic processes, atmospheric and hydrologic systems, pollution, energy resources, urbanization, and environmental history and ethics. ENVR majors must also register for ENVR 173 . This course is not open to students who have taken ENVR 100 .
    3 hours lecture.
    Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.

    (SAME AS ESSC 171 )
  
  • ENVR 172 - Principles of Sustainability Science


    3 Credit(s)

    This course addresses the cultivation, integration, and application of knowledge about our planetary environment from a dimension that considers the dynamics of human-centered environmental activity and systems. This approach is taken to facilitate the evaluation and implementation of essential interventions that not only promote sustainability but also help arrest conditions that we as a global society must resolve over the next several decades. Specific topic areas include scientific and systems thinking, global climate change, human population growth, sustainable agriculture, ecological footprint analysis, environmental ethics, biological diversity and conservation, solid waste recycling, natural capital and services provided by ecosystems, ecological economics and globalization, alternative energy, green transportation and building design, sustainable architecture, environmental health, and community-based environmental literacy. In addition to the above, this course requires that students engage in real-world problem solving activities and student presentations.
    Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.

  
  • ENVR 173 - Investigating Environmental Science


    1 Credit(s)

    This is a laboratory course designed to complement ENVR 171 . Lab inquiry activities include topics in experimental ecology in model ecosystems, ecosystem modeling, and environmental assessment/ environmental quality. There are weekly assignments and/or projects for each topic and a final exam. The class meets three hours weekly.
    Corequisite(s): BIOL 161 , BIOL 162 , CHEM 145 CHEM 148 , ENVR 171 .

  
  • ENVR 180 - Sustainable Development: Service Learning in Tropical America


    3 Credit(s)

    This course introduces students to the concept of sustainable resource development by allowing them to work closely with community members in tropical America that traditionally harness biological resources as a source of income. Students explore how people form a different culture using biological resources to create an income stream that is both continuous and sustainable. Students provide service to the community by helping members develop and refine biological resources for the purpose of augmenting their income. Additionally, students help to direct efforts toward developing sound conservation initiatives. Specific goals focus on maintaining the integrity of the environment along with restoring and repairing areas traditionally degraded by poor land use practices. This experience will help build community spirit and cultural bridges between people from diverse backgrounds. Evening sessions prior to and after the field experience are a part of this course.
    3 hours lecture.
    This course fulfills a science distribution course for non-majors. This course is open to all students.
  
  • ENVR 188 - Special Topics in Environmental Science


    3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
  
  • ENVR 201 - Environmental Geology


    4 Credit(s)

    This course details treatment of the structure of the Earth’s crust, its igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, their kinds, origin, and importance. This course covers such topics as erosion processes, mountain building, development of continents and land forms, vulcanism, earthquakes, glaciation—a survey of the geological past. Lab includes studies of rocks, minerals, fossils, geologic and topographical maps, aerial photographs, and local field work.
    three hours laboratory. Three hours lecture,
    (SAME AS ESSC 201 )
  
  • ENVR 204 - The Earth System (Honors)


    3 Credit(s)

    This course investigates the interplay between the various components that comprise the Earth system: the solid Earth, the atmosphere, the oceans, and living organisms. Discussions involve timely environmental problems such as global warming, ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity, and how these problems have analogues from Earth history. Open to students in the Honors Program and to science majors with permission of the instructor.
    3 hours lecture.
    Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.

  
  • ENVR 207 - Oceanography


    3 Credit(s)

    The world ocean covers 70 percent of the planet’s surface making it the most important physical feature on the planet. This course concentrates on the environmental issues that adversely affect the health of the ocean and the biological organisms that live there. These issues are usually a function of human interference and examples are ocean pollution, coral reef destruction, commercial fishing, planetary- scale destructive weather patterns, rising sea levels, loss of marine biodiversity, tsunamis, coastal erosion and dynamic shorelines, and economic resources in the marine environment. The unique biology from selected ecosystems of the ocean are also studied to emphasize the magnitude of marine biodiversity.
    3 hours lecture.
    Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.

    (SAME AS ESSC 207 )
  
  • ENVR 209 - Meteorology


    4 Credit(s)

    This introductory course teaches an understanding of the Earth’s atmosphere, including the forces producing weather and climate, the dynamics of air movements, pressure changes, mass density, volume relationships as applied to the changing atmosphere, and the production of hurricanes, tornadoes, and thunderstorms. Also studied are atmospheric structure, the effects produced by solar radiation on the Earth’s magnetic field—auroras, Van Allen belts, and similar phenomena. Meteorological instrumentation is studied in laboratory experiments designed to integrate theory with practice, together with the production of weather maps by students from empirical data recorded in the laboratory. This course is designed primarily for students majoring in science or engineering.
    2 hours laboratory. 3 hours lecture.
    (SAME AS PHYS 209  AND ESSC 209 )
  
  • ENVR 220 - Marine Geology


    4 Credit(s)

    A study of the sediments, rocks, structure, geophysics, microfossils, stratigraphy, and history of the ocean basins and their margins. Lab includes field work. 6 hours weekly.
    3 hours laboratory/ field. 3 hours lecture.
    (SAME AS ESSC 220 )
  
  • ENVR 250 - Environmental Challenges and Current Solutions (Honors)


    3 Credit(s)

    This honors course is intended for students who are concerned about the problems facing our planet’s environment today. It provides a background for the most serious environmental challenges facing Earth’s inhabitants, both human and non-human, what possible solutions are currently available, and what preventative measures can be taken to mitigate or prevent future disasters. Sessions are run in part lecture, part seminar format, and use current information available in print, in video format, and on the World Wide Web. Topics include the causes and effects of environmental crises in recorded history, and topics of global and regional concern such as deforestation and biodiversity loss, air and water pollution, acid precipitation, global warming, destruction of stratospheric ozone, and solar energy and alternative fuels. This course is open only to students in the Honors Program, and does not fulfill the ENVR technical elective requirement or the CHEM science elective.
    3 hours lecture.
    Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.

  
  • ENVR 261 - Geographic Information Systems


    4 Credit(s)

    This course provides a skill that is cross-disciplinary and applicable to the interpretation of any data that has a spatial relationship. Of particular interest are environmental data sets that are collected within a geographic context. The lecture portion of the class introduces the basic principles of using and interpreting data within a computerized Geographic Information System (GIS). Topics of spatial data analysis are introduced as a way to showcase the extended data analysis capabilities of a GIS. This course provides students with a broad framework upon which to access and assess geographic information for the purpose of better understanding spatial relationships. The lab component of the course integrates lecture material into a GIS assessment. An important component of the lab is the collection of digital data using global positioning system (GPS) equipment and uploading the data to the GIS system. Students are required to develop and demonstrate a working knowledge of the GPS/GIS techniques through an independent research project that they will present orally to the class. Lab students are required to submit a final written project report. Open to all students across disciplines.
    3 hours laboratory. 3 hours lecture.
    Prerequisite(s): No Prerequisites.

  
  • ENVR 288 - Special Topics in Environmental Science


    3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
  
  • ENVR 299 - Research Methods and Analysis


    4 Credit(s)

    This course is designed to provide students with sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge to plan, conduct, evaluate, and present faculty directed original research. Topics include the historical and philosophical development of scientific research, introduction to the scientific method, writing a research proposal, selection of research arena, qualitative and quantitative observations, sampling techniques, collecting, recording, summarizing, statistically analyzing, and graphically presenting data, bibliographic searching techniques, oral presentation of research, and writing a research paper.
    3 hours laboratory. 3 hours lecture.
    Prerequisite(s): Sophomore standing in a science major and MATH 131 /MATH 141  or permission of the instructor.

  
  • ENVR 300 - Geology for Engineers


    3 Credit(s)

    Principles of physical geology designed to illustrate the interactions between geology and engineering. Topics to include minerals, rocks, forces and processes acting on Earth, crustal structure, problems associated with shorelines, groundwater, earthquakes, land subsidence.
    Prerequisite(s): Junior standing.

  
  • ENVR 301 - Introductory Ecology


    4 Credit(s)

    This course teaches ecological and environmental literacy. Participants will understand (1) the physical, biological, and evolutionary processes that determine ecosystem structure and function, and (2) the process of ecological inquiry which is the scientific method, through which natural phenomena are observed, interpreted, and reported. This course also teaches how to read global environmental signposts (climate changes, ozone depletion, and biodiversity loss), recognize our role in causing these trends, and evaluate the courses of action, in terms of our consumer and disposer decisions, we all must take to sustain ourselves. Three hours of lecture, three hours of lab, and field work.
    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 161 , BIOL 162 .

    (SAME AS BIOL 301 )
  
  • ENVR 304 - Environmental Pollution


    4 Credit(s)

    A critical examination of the integral processes that affect Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere with regard to man’s activities. Topics addressed include chemistry of the atmosphere, soil, and water chemistry, waste disposal and treatment, regulatory strategies for air, water, and soil pollution abatement, principles of wastewater treatment, solid and hazardous waste management, thermal pollution, and mining and reclamation.
    three hours laboratory weekly. Three hours lecture,
    Prerequisite(s): CHEM 255 .

  
  • ENVR 309 - Earth’s Changing Atmosphere and Climate


    3 Credit(s)

    This course provides an in-depth investigation into the major causes of atmospheric and climatic change and their effects on Earth’s biosphere. Special emphasis is placed on natural geological factors such as volcanic eruptions and also on astronomical factors such as intrinsic changes in the luminosity of the Sun, variations in the eccentricity of Earth’s orbit and the inclination of its axis, and impacts of large bodies from space. Topics covered will include atmospheric radiation budget and circulation, ice core records, climate history of ancient Earth, sunspot cycles, Milankovitch theory, climate change and major extinction events, and short-term and long-term global climate changes. Sessions are run in part lecture, part seminar format, and will require some use of information available on the World Wide Web. Students also solve problems involving the concepts presented in the lecture topics. Open only to science majors and minors with junior standing or above.
    Three hours lecture.
  
  • ENVR 312 - Atmospheric Physics


    3 Credit(s)

    This course provides a mathematically rigorous investigation into the science of meteorology. Graphical analyses and calculus-based numerical problems are used throughout. Topics include radiation principles, heat, boundary layers, moisture, stability, cloud formation, precipitation, atmospheric dynamics, global circulation, air masses, fronts, cyclones, numerical weather prediction, thunderstorms, air pollution, and climate change.
    Prerequisite(s): ENVR 209  is a prerequisite for environmental science majors, and is recommended to be taken concurrently for physics majors.Corequisite(s): PHYS 162  or PHYS 232.

    (SAME AS PHYS 312 )
  
  • ENVR 317 - Angiosperm Taxonomy


    4 Credit(s)

    An introductory study of the classification, nomenclature, and identification of 30–40 common families of flowering plants, with particular emphasis on the local native flora and nearby areas. Field trips and a plant collection are required.
    3 hours laboratory/ field trips. 3 hours lecture.
    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 261 .

    (SAME AS BIOL 317 )
  
  • ENVR 332 - Environmental Chemistry


    3 Credit(s)

    This course deals with the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects, and fates of chemical species in the air, soil, and water environments; and the effect of human activity on these. Emphasis is placed on thermodynamics and kinetics of reaction cycles, and on quantitation of chemical species.
    Prerequisite(s): CHEM 255 , CHEM 257 .

    (SAME AS CHEM 332 )
  
  • ENVR 340 - Tropical Ecology


    3 Credit(s)

    This course examines the nature, evolution, structural and functional components, and relationships that exist within tropical forests worldwide. A broad range of topics covering the physical, biological, and chemical aspects of tropical environments are explored. Specific topics include forest succession and architecture, tropical microclimate, vertical organization of canopy biota, evolution of tropical plants, tropical parasites, decomposition and nutrient cycling, plant/animal coevolutionary interactions, survival strategies, and the evolutionary history of tropical forests. This course is open to upper division biology and environmental science majors.
    3 hours lecture.
    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 161 , BIOL 162 .

    (SAME AS BIOL 340 )
  
  • ENVR 342 - Tropical Ecology Laboratory


    2 Credit(s)

    This laboratory course is the field component of BIOL 340 /ENVR 340 . Students design and carry out a research project that is completed during a one-week fieldtrip experience in a tropical forest environment. Students develop a research question and conduct an extensive literature search on a topic pertaining to tropical ecology prior to traveling to the research site. Students work closely with the instructor( s) to ensure that they are able to complete a project during the week-long field experience. After the project has been completed, students are responsible for analyzing and writing their results as if they intend to submit their research to a journal for publication. Students present their findings to the Widener community or at a regional or national meeting. This course is open to upper-division biology and environmental science students. Upper-division students from other majors within the sciences may be allowed to enroll with the permission of the instructor.
    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 161 , BIOL 162 .Corequisite(s): BIOL 340 /ENVR 340 . A total of 35 hours prior to the field experience and 45 hours in the field.

    (SAME AS BIOL 342 )
  
  • ENVR 361 - Advanced Geographic Information Systems


    3 Credit(s)

    This course introduces students to the advanced features of spatial data analysis and how to analyze these features within the context of a geographic information system (GIS). In this course, students explore and interpret datasets that possess a spatial relationship and that align to topics germane to the environmental, ecological, physical, and social sciences. Topics include the basic principles of spatial data analysis and visualization, distinct types of spatial data, spatial statistics, linear spatial data, interpretation of three-dimensional surfaces, and the professional presentation of maps.
    Prerequisite(s): ENVR 261 .

  
  • ENVR 363 - Remote Sensing and Digital Mapping


    3 Credit(s)

    This laboratory course introduces students to remote sensing techniques and the field collection of digital data for importation into a geographic information system (GIS). In this course, students collect and analyze geographic datasets in the environmental, ecological, physical, and social sciences. Topics include the basic principles of remote sensing and global positioning systems (GPS), the analysis of remote sensing and GPS data, types and accuracy of GPS data, and the field collection of GPS data using high-accuracy handheld GPS units. The application of these techniques for research and industrial projects is emphasized.
    Prerequisite(s): ENVR 261 .

  
  • ENVR 365 - Hydrology


    3 Credit(s)

    As the human population continues to grow the worlds fresh water resources become more important to develop and protect. Fresh water is all connected through the hydrologic cycle, and this course covers the physical aspects and mathematical analysis of each part of the hydrologic cycle. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the hydrologic cycle to support scientific and engineering development of the resource. Select computer models and geographic information system technology are introduced that analyzes rainfall-runoff relationships, large-scale watershed characteristics, surface water flow, and ground water flow. The integration of hydrology and computerized modeling are also studied to support research projects in the hydrologic sciences.
    3 hours lecture.
    Prerequisite(s): ENVR 261 .

    Formerly: (FORMERLY ENVR 388 )
  
  • ENVR 388 - Special Topics in Environmental Science


    3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
  
  • ENVR 401 - Physiological Ecology of Extreme Environments: Life at the Edge


    4 Credit(s)

    This course focuses on the evolutionary adaptation of physiology to the problems posed by the biophysical extremes of this world including warm deserts, arctic and alpine environments, freshwater and saline wetlands, deep sea environments, and human-disturbed environments. Although topics represent the extremes of this world, an important message is that all environments are variable and the rules at the extremes apply everywhere—life is always at the edge. The course includes a project-oriented lab that uses methods available to teach the processes of physiological inquiry described in this course.
    six hours lab. Two hours lecture and
    Prerequisite(s): Introductory Biology (BIOL 161 , BIOL 162 ), and either Ecology (BIOL 301 /ENVR 301 ) or instructor’s permission.

    (SAME AS BIOL 401 )
  
  • ENVR 403 - Advanced Environmental Geology


    3 Credit(s)

    This course introduces students to advanced topics in geology that apply to the characterization of the geologic environment at a site-specific scale. The course is divided into two subject areas. The first half of the course introduces the basic principles of structural geology and their applications to engineering and environmental site characterizations. It includes the study of folded and faulted structures, the orthogonal and stereographic solutions to characterize near-surface geologic structure, and the construction and interpretation of geologic maps, geologic cross sections, and block diagrams. The second half of the course concentrates on the occurrence and distribution of earth’s surficial materials and their engineering and environmental properties. The geochemistry of soil formations that influence the engineering and environmental index properties is emphasized as a function of the soils origin. The geohazards of surficial processes are also studied in the context of geologic history and the planning and use of the geologic environment.
    Prerequisite(s): ENVR 201  or ENVR 300 .

  
  • ENVR 405 - Geological Field Methods


    1 Credit(s)

    This is a laboratory course that introduces students to interpretation methods used by geologists to identify existing field conditions for rock and soil formations. The course is intended for all students who require a working knowledge of the geologic conditions encountered in the characterization of the natural environment. Topics include the field measurement and interpretation of exposed rock and soil formations, field investigation techniques for rock and soil formations, quantitative interpretation of engineering and environmental index properties of soil and rock formations from field data, computerized mapping techniques for the visualization of field data, and the presentation of field data for professional reports.
    Prerequisite(s): ENVR 201  or ENVR 300 .Corequisite(s): ENVR 403 .

  
  • ENVR 408 - Senior Thesis Proposal in Environmental Science


    3 Credit(s)

    This course involves generating a research proposal with an extensive literature review in the area of environmental science.
    Prerequisite(s): ENVR 299 .

  
  • ENVR 409 - Senior Thesis in Environmental Science I


    2 Credit(s)

    The Senior Thesis in Environmental Science provides an opportunity for students to participate in independent, investigative research under the direction of select faculty mentors.
    Prerequisite(s): ENVR 408 .

  
  • ENVR 410 - Senior Thesis in Environmental Science II


    2 Credit(s)

    The Senior Thesis in Environmental Science provides an opportunity for students to participate in independent, investigative research under the direction of select faculty mentors.
    Prerequisite(s): ENVR 408 .

  
  • ENVR 419 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology


    4 Credit(s)

    A lecture and laboratory course in microbial ecology and applied microbiology. The role of microorganisms in the environment is studied with emphasis on their roles in the biogeochemical cycles of the elements essential for life. Applied topics such as the microbiology of foods, fermentations, antibiotics, and other industrial processes are discussed. The application of microbial systems to molecular genetics research is also discussed including laboratory exercises in recombinant DNA techniques. Six hours weekly.
    4 hours laboratory. 2 hours lecture.
    Prerequisite(s): BIOL 319  or equivalent.

  
  • ENVR 488 - Special Topics in Environmental Science


    3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
  
  • ENVR 490 - Environmental Science Internship


    3-12 Credit(s)

    This subject-related work experience or other activity is offered only upon special application from the student and a supervising faculty member. Approval must be obtained in advance from the environmental science faculty and requires a specific outline of work to be done; the nature and extent of its academic relevance; the academic and special preparation of the student for the purposed activity. Written approval must be obtained from the employer/sponsor, and arrangements must be made for regular contact between the student and the supervising faculty member. The student is responsible for making all arrangements. A final report must be submitted upon completion of the activity, and a pass/fail grade will be assigned. The number of semester hours earned will depend on the extent of the approved activity (12 semester hours corresponds to full-time work for a semester).
    Prerequisite(s): Junior or senior standing, a GPA of at least 2.5 both in the major and cumulative in all courses, and approval of both the academic advisor of the student and the head of the Science Division.

  
  • ENVR 499 - Independent Study


    1-4 Credit(s)

    Individual investigation of a problem in environmental (earth and space) science. Lab work, computations, readings and orals as appropriate. Scope, topic, and prerequisites are arranged individually.

Finance

All 300- and 400-level finance courses require at least junior standing.

  
  • FIN 301 - Professional Fund Management


    3 Credit(s)

    This course provides an in-depth analysis of the complexities and investment opportunities in mutual funds by emphasizing the uniqueness of the U.S. fund industry. Topics include the structure and working of a typical fund complex; the role of various entities such as fund management, portfolio manager, custodian in operating a fund; fees and expenses associated with investing in funds; services available to shareholders, etc. Understanding of investment theory is stressed and is tied in with application of techniques to select mutual funds based on a client’s investment objective and risk tolerance. Data and information from Bloomberg is extensively used for making mutual fund investment decisions.
    Corequisite(s): FIN 303 .

  
  • FIN 303 - Financial Management


    3 Credit(s)

    A fundamental introduction to the theory and practice of financial management in the business firm is offered including financial planning and control, valuation and financial structure, cash flows, economic and financial optimization, cost of capital, capital budgeting decisions, short- and long-term financing, and valuation processes in mergers liquidation and reorganization.
    Prerequisite(s): ACCT 205  and second semester Sophomore.

  
  • FIN 305 - Investments


    3 Credit(s)

    This course explores the theory and practice of investments, covering topics such as risk and return, capital market structure, security analysis, bond valuation, and portfolio management. Special emphasis is placed on how economic forces influence the pricing of financial assets. Understanding of investment theory is stressed and is tied in with application of techniques such as asset valuation and portfolio theory. Students apply a “top-down” valuation method to determine if a security is over-valued or under-valued and make subsequent trading decision using StockTrak. Data and information from Bloomberg is extensively used for making investment decisions. This course fulfills one of the requirements for the Certified Financial Planner (CFP®) examination. Also cross listed with EC 335 . Students may not receive credit for both courses.
    Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .

    (SAME AS EC 335 )
  
  • FIN 307 - Capital Budgeting


    3 Credit(s)

    The objective of this course is to conduct an in-depth study of the capital budgeting process, including evaluation of projects under various risk conditions, buy/lease decision making, and capital budgeting for the multinational firm. Emphasis will be placed on bringing together the theory, quantitative methods, and application of capital budgeting techniques.
    Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .

  
  • FIN 313 - Entrepreneurial Finance


    3 Credit(s)

    Entrepreneurial activities are the engines that drive most economies. Almost every big business we see today came into existence by virtue of an entrepreneurial action. Yet conventional finance courses do very little to cover the unique financing needs of entrepreneurial firms. This course familiarizes students with financial management of small and medium organizations. The course analyzes specific issues that confront small businesses through their life cycle of development. Issues addressed include valuation, financial planning, performance measurement, obtaining and organizing finance, cost of financial capital, and exit strategies.
    Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .

  
  • FIN 320 - Risk Management and Insurance


    3 Credit(s)

    A study of the concept of risk and its treatment by insurance. The principal types of insurance are studied and concepts of risk management are introduced for business and personal uses.
    Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .

  
  • FIN 335 - Investments


    3 Credit(s)

    This course explores the theory and practice of investments, covering the topics such as risk and return, capital market structure, security analysis, bond valuation, and portfolio management. Special emphasis is placed on how economic forces influence the pricing of financial assets. Understanding of investment theory is stressed and is tied in with application of techniques such as asset valuation and portfolio theory. Students apply a “top-down” valuation method to determine if a security is over-valued or under-valued and make subsequent trading decision using StockTrak. Data and information from Bloomberg is extensively used for making investment decisions. This course fulfills one of the requirements for the Certified Financial Planner (CFP®) examination. Also cross listed with FIN 305 . Students may not receive credit for both courses.
    Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .

  
  • FIN 401 - Money and Financial Institutions


    3 Credit(s)

    Students analyze the effects of credit and money flows on aggregate economic activity: for example, roles of financial intermediaries and central banking; sources and uses of funds (flow of funds analysis) and accounts; term structure of interest rates; portfolio choice and macroeconomic behavior; alternative money theories; and the role of money in the inflationary process. This course is offered only in the spring semester. This course is cross listed as EC 401  and students cannot take both FIN 401 and EC 401 .
    Prerequisite(s): EC 101  and EC 202  or equivalents.

  
  • FIN 403 - Financial Analytics


    3 Credit(s)

    This course provides a rigorous foundation on the different types of analytical techniques and quantitative tools used in the financial services industry. Topics include visualization, simulation, predictive analytics, and financial optimization. Examples of applications include portfolio management, risk management, derivative pricing, and algorithmic trading. The class will employ an experiential learning approach that involves using real-life data obtained from multiple sources. Although, all of the techniques are based on the theory of statistics, the approach is logic based, rather than formula or theory based. The bulk of the exercises performed in this course will use SAS. The students will also experiment with Bloomberg Professional Services, Excel, Tableau, R, and SAP Predictive Analysis software. This class requires a strong foundation in finance, statistics, and computer information systems, and should only be taken by those interested in gaining advanced knowledge into how these fields are interrelated in the financial services industry.
    Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 QA 252 MIS 290  

  
  • FIN 406 - Portfolio Theory and Management


    3 Credit(s)

    This course is an in-depth study of the theory and practice of modern portfolio management. Students gain hands-on experience through construction and monitoring of an equity portfolio that is consistent with a client’s investment objective and risk tolerance. Students develop an Investment Policy Statement for an individual investor, perform stock screening using both qualitative and quantitatively screening criteria and apply optimization technique to create an optimal investment portfolio that satisfies the investment requirements. Students will learn various strategies to test the portfolio constructed, issues that impact portfolio performance in achieving investment objectives, and finally evaluate its performance. All stock transactions are conducted using StockTrak. Data and information from Bloomberg is extensively used in constructing the optimal portfolio.
    Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .

  
  • FIN 423 - International Financial Management


    3 Credit(s)

    This course explores the topics related to international financial management and international trade. Companies operating globally are different from their domestic counterparts due to their exposure to foreign exchange risk and political risks. This course addresses the distinct risk exposures faced by multinational companies and the financial tools that are available to them to address issues such as capital budgeting, capital structure, investment decisions and valuation.
    Prerequisite(s): FIN 303 .

  
  • FIN 427 - Options and Derivates


    3 Credit(s)

    This course teaches students how to understand and value the wide variety of financial derivatives products available. The course examines the properties of options and other derivatives, theoretical frameworks within which all derivatives can be values and hedged, such as binomial approach and the practical applications of real-world financial derivatives. Topics include basic futures and forwards, hedging with futures and forwards, interest-rate forwards and futures, options, trading strategies involving options, swaps, and valuation using a binomial model and the Black-Scholes model.
    Prerequisite(s): FIN 303  and QA 252 .

  
  • FIN 450 - Financial Practices and Regulations


    3 Credit(s)

    The primary objective of this course is to give students to a broad knowledge of the organization, management, and regulation of financial markets, financial products, and financial service providers. This broad exposure is intended to enable participants to familiarize themselves with the ethical responsibilities, regulatory environment, and best practices of the investments and financial services industry. A large number of topical areas of series 63, 65, and 66 FINRA licensure exams are covered in the course. Please note however, this course should not be considered as a preparatory course for FINRA licensure examinations.
  
  • FIN 453 - Seminar in Financial Planning


    3 Credit(s)

    This is an integrative course that looks at the entire spectrum of the financial services market. Organizational structure in the industry is explored, including the dynamic regulatory environment facing financial services professionals. The focus of the course is on the market variables that are driving strategic change in the financial services industry and how successful players in the field integrate information to develop, implement, and monitor strategic financial plans.
    Prerequisite(s): ACCT 405 , ACCT 408 , FIN 305 .Corequisite(s): ACCT 409  and FIN 320 , but it is recommended to complete these prior to taking FIN 453.

  
  • FIN 497 - Internship in Finance


    3 Credit(s)

    This is a required internship course for students majoring in finance. The purpose of this internship is to provide students with career-relevant on-the-job experiences where finance knowledge obtained from classroom theory is integrated with actual practical work experiences. Each student is required to work for a minimum of 150 hours per semester in finance/financial services related position. Internship positions can be paid or unpaid, but most positions are paid. Grading is based on the following elements, supervisor’s evaluation, internship activity logs, internship project, and final presentation. Students must receive internship approval for academic credit prior to starting an internship.
    Prerequisite(s): finance major, FIN 303 , and junior standing.

  
  • FIN 498 - Finance Internship


    3 Credit(s)

    This is a course developed for the Finance Option to provide opportunities to obtain practical experience by applying their knowledge gained through the classwork in an actual business environment. Students work on projects developed with industry partners and prepare reports on these experiences with their academic and industry supervisors. Note: This course can only be taken pass/no pass as a free elective.

Fine Arts

See also courses listed under Art History, Art Studio, Dance, and Music.

  
  • ARTS 101 - Introduction to Fine Arts


    3 Credit(s)

    This course examines the interdisciplinary nature of the arts and incorporates materials from disciplines within the fine arts—dance, music, theater, and visual arts.
  
  • ARTS 111 - Introduction to Arts Management


    3 Credit(s)

    This course provides an introduction to the inner workings of nonprofit visual and performing arts organizations. Students examine the field of arts management; the social, economic, and political trends that shape arts organizations; professional opportunities in the field; working with artists; the multiple programming and administrative activities of arts organizations; marketing and audience development; and the use of new technologies. The course combines lectures and discussions with guest speakers, behind-the-scenes field trips to arts organizations, and student presentations and projects.
  
  • ARTS 188 - Special Topics in Fine Arts


    1-3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and/or faculty interest.
  
  • ARTS 288 - Special Topics in Fine Arts


    1-3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and/or faculty interest.
  
  • ARTS 311 - Advanced Arts Management


    3 Credit(s)

    This course focuses on current concerns and issues facing nonprofit visual and performing arts organizations. Classes consist of discussions based on case studies and readings, presentations by arts professionals, visits to arts organizations in the region, and problem solving to better understand the complex points of view that shape the arts industry today. Included are such topics as balancing the demand to develop audiences with the need to maintain excellence in programming; issues pertaining to financial stability, fundraising initiatives, and earned income sources; controversial programming and its public relations implications; staff and board responsibilities and relationships; diversification of personnel and programming; and managing capital campaigns and designing new facilities.
    Prerequisite(s): ARTS 111  or permission of instructor.

  
  • ARTS 388 - Special Topics in Fine Arts


    1-3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and/or faculty interest.
  
  • ARTS 401 - Research Methods


    3 Credit(s)

    This course provides fine arts majors and minors with the skills needed to engage in research about the arts. It includes instruction in the assessment of sources (both primary and secondary), evaluation of art works, synthesis and presentation of scholarly material, and organization and completion of an analytical essay.
    Prerequisite(s): Fine arts major or minor.

  
  • ARTS 405 - Arts Praxis


    3 Credit(s)

    This course is an independent experiential learning project in arts organizations. Students support a variety of nonprofit arts organizations, where they are involved in meaningful projects and ongoing operations and learn the organizational structure and operations of the host agency. Students are not be paid for the services they provide to the partner organization. Off-campus assignments are combined with in-class discussions and reflection. In addition to written assignments, students may be required to present their individual projects in a public forum. May be repeated once.
  
  • ARTS 409 - Senior Seminar


    3 Credit(s)

    Only offered in the fall semester.
  
  • ARTS 488 - Special Topics in Fine Arts


    1-3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and/or faculty interest.
  
  • ARTS 499 - Independent Study


    3 Credit(s)

    Individual investigation of a topic in fine arts. Reading, research, consultation, and discussion as required. Credit, scope, topic, and prerequisite to be arranged individually. May only be taken once.

French

  
  • FREN 101 - Elementary French I


    3 Credit(s)

    These courses introduce students to basic French grammar and vocabulary through a variety of speaking, listening, reading, writing, and cultural activities. Recommended for students with little or no previous French instruction.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 101, or permission of instructor, is a prerequisite for FREN 102 .

  
  • FREN 102 - Elementary French II


    3 Credit(s)

    These courses introduce students to basic French grammar and vocabulary through a variety of speaking, listening, reading, writing, and cultural activities. Recommended for students with little or no previous French instruction.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 101 , or permission of instructor, is a prerequisite for FREN 102.

  
  • FREN 103 - Elementary French Lab I


    1 Credit(s)

    These practice sessions emphasize the development of oral-aural competence. Through role-playing in a wide spectrum of real-life situations, students master proficiencies that enable them to react and respond naturally in current and accurate idiomatic French. These sessions integrate and expand upon materials concurrently studied in the elementary language courses.
  
  • FREN 104 - Elementary French Lab II


    1 Credit(s)

    These practice sessions emphasize the development of oral-aural competence. Through role-playing in a wide spectrum of real-life situations, students master proficiencies that enable them to react and respond naturally in current and accurate idiomatic French. These sessions integrate and expand upon materials concurrently studied in the elementary language courses.
  
  • FREN 188 - Special Topics in French


    3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
  
  • FREN 201 - Intermediate French I


    3 Credit(s)

    This intermediate course study of the French language with equal emphasis on speaking, listening, reading, and writing offers instruction in the more complex structures of the language. In addition, the course expands students’ knowledge of the culture of France and the French-speaking world.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 102  or permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 202 - Intermediate French II


    3 Credit(s)

    This intermediate course study of the French language with equal emphasis on speaking, listening, reading, and writing offers instruction in the more complex structures of the language. In addition, the course expands students’ knowledge of the culture of France and the French-speaking world.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 102  or permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 288 - Special Topics in French


    3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
  
  • FREN 301 - French Conversation and Composition I


    3 Credit(s)

    Intensive practice in oral and written expression. Topics for discussion and written assignments will be drawn from contemporary French and Francophone culture.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 202  or consent of the instructor.

  
  • FREN 302 - French Conversation and Composition II


    3 Credit(s)

    Intensive practice in oral and written expression. Topics for discussion and written assignments will be drawn from contemporary French and Francophone culture.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 202 or consent of the instructor.

  
  • FREN 303 - Introduction to Francophone Civilization and Culture


    3 Credit(s)

    In this course, students explore the diversity of the Francophone world as well as investigate the various Francophone immigrant communities found throughout the United States. Students also study the country of origin of each of these immigrant communities. Students conduct a research project culminating in a written paper in French and an oral presentation on topics related to Francophone culture. Course conducted in French.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 202  or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 304 - French Civilization and Culture


    3 Credit(s)

    From the Gallo-Roman period to the Space Age, this course examines particularly how political, philosophical, and social conditions and developments are reflected in achievements in French literature and the arts.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 202  or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 305 - Contemporary French Civilization and Culture


    3 Credit(s)

    This course concentrates on a study of contemporary French political, economic, and social structures and their development from the end of World War II to the present. Emphasis is placed upon the evolution of family life, the changing role of women, education, leisure time activities, immigrant workers, and the sphere of French influence in other Francophone regions of the modern world. Current newspapers and magazines, in French and in English, are the sources of many topics.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 202  or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 306 - French Cinema and Society


    3 Credit(s)

    Selected French films serve as the basis for an exploration of many aspects of French culture. This course considers films from the 20th and 21st centuries, which treat periods in French history from the Middle Ages through the present. All films in French (some with subtitles). Course conducted in French.
    Fulfills Culture and Civilization requirement for French major and minor.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 202 or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 307 - French Media and Society


    3 Credit(s)

    French television news programs, radio broadcasts, Internet sites, and press articles serve as the basis for an exploration of many aspects of contemporary French culture. This course considers a broad range of issues affecting contemporary society including, but not limited to, the economy, politics (both national and international), religion, public health, crime, immigration, the arts, and tourism. In addition to learning about French culture, students also discuss the role of media in French society and explore the ways in which the French represent themselves in the media. All media documents will be in French (some with subtitles). The course is conducted in French.
    Fulfills Culture and Civilization requirement for French major and minor.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 202  or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 309 - Introduction to French Literature


    3 Credit(s)

    This course introduces students to French literature. In addition to reading representative works in French, students study literary concepts such as theme, discourse, figurative language, dialogue, and text. Students read works from the four major categories of literary production—narrative, poetry, drama, and essay—with special attention given to the ways in which categories of genre are both constructed and challenged.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 202  or by permission of the instructor.

  
  • FREN 310 - Introduction to French and Francophone Short Stories


    3 Credit(s)

    Selected 19th- and 20th-century French and Francophone short stories are studied and interpreted as a reflection of the development of the short story and social, philosophical, and artistic changes throughout this period. Authors may include Camus, Djebar, Flaubert, Maupassant, and Sembène. The course is conducted in French.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 301  or FREN 302  or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 311 - Readings in French Literature From the Middle Ages to the Present I


    3 Credit(s)

    Selected works of French literature are studied and interpreted as a reflection of the development of literary genres and social, philosophical, and artistic changes throughout French history. The first half of the course considers texts from the Middle Ages through the 18th century. The second half of the course deals with illustrative examples from the 19th century to the present day.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 301  or FREN 302  or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 312 - Readings in French Literature From the Middle Ages to the Present II


    3 Credit(s)

    Selected works of French literature are studied and interpreted as a reflection of the development of literary genres and social, philosophical, and artistic changes throughout French history. The first half of the course considers texts from the Middle Ages through the 18th century. The second half of the course deals with illustrative examples from the 19th century to the present day.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 301  or FREN 302  or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 330 - Topics in Francophone Literature


    3 Credit(s)

    Topics can vary but may include all periods and genres of literature from the French-speaking world. Readings may be drawn from a single country or from multiple countries. Possible topics include but are not limited to Francophone African theater, Francophone Caribbean novels, or Francophone Quebecois short stories. Studied authors may include Léopold Senghor, Assia Djebar, Anne Hébert, Aimé Césaire, Bernard Dadié, and Gabrielle Roy.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 301  or FREN 302  or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 341 - Contemporary French and Francophone Women Writers


    3 Credit(s)

    The quest to create fiction has been a difficult one for women from French-speaking countries around the world. Many of the authors featured in this course have overcome obstacles of sexism, racism, and ethnocentrism. Against all odds, writers such as Marguerite Duras, Edwidge Danticat, Maryse Conde, and Assia Djebar have created literary works of extraordinary beauty and depth. Students discuss a variety of issues, including the representation of women in literature, colonialism and its aftermath, exile and repatriation, and the many purposes that literature can serve.
    This course fulfills requirements for the GWS major and minor.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 301  or FREN 302  or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 388 - Special Topics in French


    3 Credit(s)

    Topics offered in response to student and faculty interest.
  
  • FREN 405 - Practicum in French


    3 Credit(s)

    Students assist in a variety of nonprofit social and educational organizations and programs. A core component of this course consists of engaging students’ language skills and specialized cultural knowledge. Off-campus assignments are combined with in-class discussion and reflection. Students may work with local or international organizations in French-speaking countries. Students will not be paid for the services they provide to the partner organization. In addition to written assignments, students may be required to present their individual projects in a public forum.
    The course fulfills a culture distribution requirement for the major.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 301  or FREN 302  or by permission of instructor.

  
  • FREN 406 - Internship in French


    3 Credit(s)

    Students pursue internship experiences in a range of governmental organizations, businesses, and nonprofit institutions. The internship must relate directly to the Francophone world, and French must be the primary language used in the workplace. A minimum of 75 hours on site is required. Interns are solely responsible for providing adequate documentation (e.g., letter from supervisor, time sheets, and contract) as to the number of hours fulfilled and the duties performed. Students may be paid for their work at the partner institution. A research paper in French focusing on an aspect of the internship is required. Students must consult the supervising faculty member prior to their internship to determine whether the internship fulfills the criteria for credit in this course.
    Depending on the nature of the internship, this course may fulfill one culture distribution requirement for the major.
    Prerequisite(s): FREN 301  or FREN 302  or by permission of instructor.

 

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